What must be considered in the design of axial tensile members of steel structures?
1.Residual stresses have no effect on the capacity of a tie under static loading without fatigue.
2. If there is an abrupt change in the section of a tie, the distribution of stresses at the change is no longer uniform.
3. The design of a tie should be based on yielding as the limit state of the capacity.
4. The limit state of the capacity is to be considered in terms of both the gross section and the net section.
5. The efficiency of the net section is to be considered
